Security & Predator Proofing
Protecting your herd from predators is a 24/7 job. A layered security strategy is the most effective approach, combining physical barriers with deterrents and guardians.
Know Your Enemy: Common Predators
The most common threats to goats vary by region, but often include:
Coyotes
Stray/Loose Dogs
Cougars/Bobcats
Birds of Prey (for kids)
Remember, a neighbor's friendly pet dog can become a deadly predator when its instincts take over. Stray dogs are one of the biggest threats to goat herds.
Layer 1: The Perimeter Fence
Your main fence is your first and most important line of defense.
- Woven Wire is Best: 4-foot tall (or higher) 2"x4" no-climb horse fence or 4"x4" goat and sheep fence is ideal. It's strong and the small openings prevent predators from getting through and goats from getting their heads stuck.
- Electric Strands: Adding one or two "hot" strands of electric wire can be a powerful deterrent. Place one strand near the top of the fence to stop climbers (like cougars) and one near the bottom (6 inches off the ground) to stop diggers (like coyotes and dogs).
- Maintenance: Walk your fence line weekly. Check for downed limbs, gaps under the fence, and ensure your electric charger is working.
Layer 2: The Night Pen & Barn
Most predator attacks happen at night. A secure night-time enclosure is critical.
- Solid Doors & Latches: Your barn or shelter must have a solid door that can be securely latched.
- Secure Openings: Cover all windows and vents with sturdy hardware cloth to prevent smaller predators like raccoons or weasels from entering.
- Deterrents: Motion-activated lights or radios can startle and deter nocturnal predators.
Layer 3: Guardian Animals
For those with high predator pressure, a guardian animal can be a lifesaver. They live with the herd full-time.
| Animal | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Livestock Guardian Dog (LGD) | Extremely effective against a wide range of predators. Bonds deeply with the herd and is actively protective. Their barking alone is a major deterrent. | Requires significant training and socialization from a young age to be reliable. Can be prone to barking or roaming if not properly contained. Represents a significant long-term commitment. |
| Donkey (Standard or larger) | Natural and aggressive hatred of canines (dogs, coyotes). Their loud bray is an excellent alarm call for the whole farm. | Can be overly aggressive towards newborn kids or even the herd's own dogs. Generally only effective against canine threats, not cougars or bears. |
| Llama | Very alert and territorial. Will emit a startling alarm call and charge, stomp, or spit at threats. Can be effective against single predators. | May not be as effective against a determined pack of predators. Requires specialized care different from goats. Some llamas are more interested in grazing than guarding. |
Human Security & Theft Prevention
Unfortunately, animal theft is a real concern, especially for friendly, well-bred goats. It's wise to take some precautions against human threats as well.
- Visibility: Keep your night pen and kidding areas out of easy sight from the main road if possible.
- Signage: Prominently display "Private Property" and "Biosecurity in Effect" signs. This can deter casual visitors and signals that you take your herd's health and security seriously.
- Cameras: Simple, affordable farm or game cameras placed at key access points can be a powerful deterrent and are invaluable for identification if a theft does occur.
- Know Your Neighbors: A strong relationship with your neighbors is one of the best security tools. They can be an extra set of eyes and ears when you are not home.